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AS ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119.4:2018
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Software and systems engineering — Software testing, Part 4: Test techniques
The objective of this Standard is to define test design techniques that can be used during the test design and implementation process that is defined in AS/NZS ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119.2.
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 Intended Usage
2.2 Full Conformance
2.3 Tailored Conformance
3 Normative References
4 Terms and Definitions
5 Test Design Techniques
5.1 Overview
5.2 Specification-Based Test Design Techniques
5.2.1 Equivalence Partitioning
5.2.1.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.1.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.1.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.2 Classification Tree Method
5.2.2.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.2.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.2.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.3 Boundary Value Analysis
5.2.3.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.3.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.3.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.4 Syntax Testing
5.2.4.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.4.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.4.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.5 Combinatorial Test Design Techniques
5.2.5.1 Overview
5.2.5.2 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.5.3 All Combinations Testing
5.2.5.3.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.5.3.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.5.4 Pair-wise Testing
5.2.5.4.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.5.4.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.5.5 Each Choice Testing
5.2.5.5.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.5.5.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.5.6 Base Choice Testing
5.2.5.6.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.5.6.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.6 Decision Table Testing
5.2.6.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.6.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.6.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.7 Cause-Effect Graphing
5.2.7.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.7.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.7.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.8 State Transition Testing
5.2.8.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.8.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.8.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.9 Scenario Testing
5.2.9.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.9.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.9.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.2.10 Random Testing
5.2.10.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.2.10.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.2.10.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3 Structure-Based Test Design Techniques
5.3.1 Statement Testing
5.3.1.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.1.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.1.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.2 Branch Testing
5.3.2.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.2.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.2.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.3 Decision Testing
5.3.3.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.3.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.3.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.4 Branch Condition Testing
5.3.4.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.4.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.4.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.5 Branch Condition Combination Testing
5.3.5.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.5.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.5.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.6 Modified Condition Decision Coverage (MCDC) Testing
5.3.6.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.6.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.6.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.7 Data Flow Testing
5.3.7.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.3.7.2 All-Definitions Testing
5.3.7.2.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.7.2.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.7.3 All-C-Uses Testing
5.3.7.3.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.7.3.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.7.4 All-P-Uses Testing
5.3.7.4.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.7.4.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.7.5 All-Uses Testing
5.3.7.5.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.7.5.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.3.7.6 All-DU-Paths Testing
5.3.7.6.1 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.3.7.6.2 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
5.4 Experience-Based Test Design Techniques
5.4.1 Error Guessing
5.4.1.1 Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
5.4.1.2 Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
5.4.1.3 Derive Test Cases (TD4)
6 Test Coverage Measurement
6.1 Overview
6.2 Test Measurement for Specification-Based Test Design Techniques
6.2.1 Equivalence Partition Coverage
6.2.2 Classification Tree Method Coverage
6.2.3 Boundary Value Analysis Coverage
6.2.4 Syntax Testing Coverage
6.2.5 Combinatorial Test Design Technique Coverage
6.2.5.1 All Combinations Testing Coverage
6.2.5.2 Pair-wise Testing Coverage
6.2.5.3 Each Choice Testing Coverage
6.2.5.4 Base Choice Testing Coverage
6.2.6 Decision Table Testing Coverage
6.2.7 Cause-Effect Graphing Coverage
6.2.8 State Transition Testing Coverage
6.2.9 Scenario Testing Coverage
6.2.10 Random Testing Coverage
6.3 Test Measurement for Structure-Based Test Design Techniques
6.3.1 Statement Testing Coverage
6.3.2 Branch Testing Coverage
6.3.3 Decision Testing Coverage
6.3.4 Branch Condition Testing Coverage
6.3.5 Branch Condition Combination Testing Coverage
6.3.6 Modified Condition Decision (MCDC) Testing Coverage
6.3.7 Data Flow Testing Coverage
6.3.7.1 All-Definitions Testing Coverage
6.3.7.2 All-C-Uses Testing Coverage
6.3.7.3 All-P-Uses Testing Coverage
6.3.7.4 All-Uses Testing Coverage
6.3.7.5 All-DU-Paths Testing Coverage
6.4 Test Measurement for Experience-Based Testing Design Techniques
6.4.1 Error Guessing Coverage
Annex A
A.1 Quality Characteristics
A.1.1 Overview
A.2 Quality-Related Types of Testing
A.2.1 Accessibility Testing
A.2.2 Backup/Recovery Testing
A.2.3 Compatibility Testing
A.2.4 Conversion Testing
A.2.5 Disaster Recovery Testing
A.2.6 Functional Testing
A.2.7 Installability Testing
A.2.8 Interoperability Testing
A.2.9 Localization Testing
A.2.10 Maintainability Testing
A.2.11 Performance-Related Testing
A.2.12 Portability Testing
A.2.13 Procedure Testing
A.2.14 Reliability Testing
A.2.15 Security Testing
A.2.16 Usability Testing
A.3 Mapping Quality Characteristics to Types of Testing
A.3.1 Mapping
A.4 Mapping Quality Characteristics to Test Design Techniques
A.4.1 Mapping
Annex B
B.1 Guidelines and Examples for Specification-Based Testing
B.1.1 Overview
B.2 Specification-Based Test Design Technique Examples
B.2.1 Equivalence Partitioning
B.2.1.1 Introduction
B.2.1.2 Specification
B.2.1.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.1.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.1.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.1.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.1.6.1 Options
B.2.1.6.2 Option 4a: Derive Test Cases for One-to-One Equivalence Partitioning (TD4)
B.2.1.6.3 Option 4b: Derive Test Cases for Minimized Equivalence Partitioning (TD4)
B.2.1.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.1.7.1 Options
B.2.1.7.2 Option 5a: Assemble Test Set for One-to-One Equivalence Partitioning (TD5)
B.2.1.7.3 Option 5b: Assemble Test Set for Minimized Equivalence Partitioning (TD5)
B.2.1.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.1.8.1 Options
B.2.1.8.2 Option 6a: Derive Test Procedures for One-to-One Equivalence Partitioning (TD6)
B.2.1.8.3 Option 6b: Derive Test Procedures for Minimized Equivalence Partitioning (TD6)
B.2.1.9 Equivalence Partition Coverage
B.2.2 Classification Tree Method
B.2.2.1 Introduction
B.2.2.2 Specification
B.2.2.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.2.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.2.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.2.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.2.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.2.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.2.9 Classification Tree Method Coverage
B.2.3 Boundary Value Analysis
B.2.3.1 Introduction
B.2.3.2 Specification
B.2.3.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.3.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.3.4.1 Sub-steps
B.2.3.4.2 Step 2a: Identify Equivalence Partitions
B.2.3.4.3 Step 2b: Derive Test Conditions
B.2.3.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.3.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.3.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.3.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.3.9 Boundary Value Analysis Coverage
B.2.4 Syntax Testing
B.2.4.1 Introduction
B.2.4.2 Specification
B.2.4.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.4.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.4.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.4.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.4.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.4.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.4.9 Syntax Testing Coverage
B.2.5 Combinatorial Test Design Techniques
B.2.5.1 Introduction
B.2.5.2 Specification
B.2.5.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.5.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.5.5 All Combinations
B.2.5.5.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.5.5.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.5.5.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.5.5.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.5.5.5 All Combinations Testing Coverage
B.2.5.6 Pair-wise Testing
B.2.5.6.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.5.6.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.5.6.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.5.6.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.5.6.5 Pair-wise Testing Coverage
B.2.5.7 Each Choice Testing
B.2.5.7.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.5.7.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.5.7.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.5.7.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.5.7.5 Each Choice Testing Coverage
B.2.5.8 Base Choice Testing
B.2.5.8.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.5.8.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.5.8.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.5.8.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.5.8.5 Base Choice Testing Coverage
B.2.6 Decision Table Testing
B.2.6.1 Introduction
B.2.6.2 Specification
B.2.6.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.6.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.6.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.6.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.6.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.6.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.6.9 Decision Table Testing Coverage
B.2.7 Cause-Effect Graphing
B.2.7.1 Introduction
B.2.7.2 Specification
B.2.7.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.7.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.7.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.7.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.7.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.7.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.7.9 Cause-Effect Graphing Coverage
B.2.8 State Transition Testing
B.2.8.1 Introduction
B.2.8.2 Specification
B.2.8.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.8.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.8.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items – 0-Switch and “All Transitions” Testing (TD3)
B.2.8.6 Step 4: Derive Valid Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.8.6.1 Options
B.2.8.6.2 Step 4a: Derive 0-Switch Test Cases (Valid Transitions)
B.2.8.6.3 Step 4b: Derive Test Cases for Invalid Transitions
B.2.8.6.4 Step 4c: Derive Test Coverage Items – 1-Switch Testing (TD3)
B.2.8.6.5 Step 4d: Derive 1-Switch Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.8.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.8.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.8.9 State Transition Testing Coverage
B.2.9 Scenario Testing
B.2.9.1 Introduction
B.2.9.2 Example 1
B.2.9.2.1 Specification
B.2.9.2.2 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.9.2.3 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.9.2.4 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.9.2.5 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.9.2.6 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.9.2.7 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.9.2.8 Scenario Testing Coverage
B.2.9.3 Example 2
B.2.9.3.1 Introduction
B.2.9.3.2 Specification
B.2.9.3.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.9.3.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.9.3.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.9.3.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.9.3.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.9.3.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.9.3.9 Use Case Testing Coverage
B.2.10 Random Testing
B.2.10.1 Introduction
B.2.10.2 Specification
B.2.10.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
B.2.10.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
B.2.10.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
B.2.10.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
B.2.10.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
B.2.10.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
B.2.10.9 Random Testing Coverage
B.2.10.10 Automating Random Testing
Annex C
C.1 Guidelines and Examples for Structure-Based Testing
C.1.1 Overview
C.2 Structure-Based Test Design Technique Examples
C.2.1 Statement Testing
C.2.1.1 Introduction
C.2.1.2 Specification
C.2.1.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
C.2.1.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
C.2.1.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
C.2.1.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
C.2.1.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
C.2.1.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
C.2.1.9 Statement Testing Coverage
C.2.2 Branch / Decision Testing
C.2.2.1 Introduction
C.2.2.2 Specification
C.2.2.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
C.2.2.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
C.2.2.4.1 Options for Derivation of Test Conditions
C.2.2.4.2 Option 2a: Derive Test Conditions for Branch Coverage (TD2)
C.2.2.4.3 Option 2b: Derive Test Conditions for Decision Coverage (TD2)
C.2.2.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
C.2.2.5.1 Options for Derivation of Test Coverage Items
C.2.2.5.2 Option 3a: Derive Test Coverage Items for Branch Coverage (TD3)
C.2.2.5.3 Option 3b: Derive Test Coverage Items for Decision Coverage (TD3)
C.2.2.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
C.2.2.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
C.2.2.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
C.2.2.9 Branch Testing Coverage
C.2.2.10 Decision Testing Coverage
C.2.3 Branch Condition Testing, Branch Condition Combination Testing and Modified Condition Decision Coverage (MCDC) Testing
C.2.3.1 Introduction
C.2.3.2 Specification
C.2.3.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
C.2.3.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
C.2.3.5 Branch Condition Testing
C.2.3.5.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
C.2.3.5.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
C.2.3.5.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
C.2.3.5.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
C.2.3.5.5 Branch Condition Testing Coverage
C.2.3.6 Branch Condition Combination Testing
C.2.3.6.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
C.2.3.6.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
C.2.3.6.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
C.2.3.6.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
C.2.3.6.5 Branch Condition Combination Testing Coverage
C.2.3.7 Modified Condition Decision Coverage Testing
C.2.3.7.1 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
C.2.3.7.2 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
C.2.3.7.3 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
C.2.3.7.4 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
C.2.3.7.5 Modified Condition Decision Coverage Testing Coverage
C.2.3.8 Other Boolean Expressions
C.2.3.9 Optimised Expressions
C.2.3.10 Other Branches and Decisions
C.2.4 Data Flow Testing
C.2.4.1 Introduction
C.2.4.2 Specification
C.2.4.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
C.2.4.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
C.2.4.5 All-Definitions Testing
C.2.4.5.1 Step 3a: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3) – All-Definitions Testing
C.2.4.5.2 Step 4a: Derive Test Cases (TD4) – All-Definitions Testing
C.2.4.5.3 All-Definitions Testing Coverage
C.2.4.6 All-C-Uses Testing
C.2.4.6.1 Step 3b: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3) – All-C-Uses Testing
C.2.4.6.2 Step 4b: Derive Test Cases (TD4) – All-C-Uses Testing
C.2.4.6.3 All-C-Uses Testing Coverage
C.2.4.7 All-P-Uses Testing
C.2.4.7.1 Step 3c: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3) – All-P-Uses Testing
C.2.4.7.2 Step 4c: Derive Test Cases (TD4) – All-P-Uses Testing
C.2.4.7.3 All-P-Uses Testing Coverage
C.2.4.8 All-Uses Testing
C.2.4.8.1 Step 3d: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3) – All-Uses Testing
C.2.4.8.2 Step 4d: Derive Test Cases (TD4) – All-Uses Testing
C.2.4.8.3 All-Uses Testing Coverage
C.2.4.9 All-DU-Paths Testing
C.2.4.9.1 Step 3e: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3) – All-DU-Paths Testing
C.2.4.9.2 Step 4e: Derive Test Cases (TD4) – All-DU-Paths Testing
C.2.4.9.3 All-DU-Paths Testing Coverage
C.2.4.9.4 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
C.2.4.9.5 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
Annex D
D.1 Guidelines and Examples for Experience-Based Testing
D.1.1 Overview
D.2 Experience-Based Test Design Technique Examples
D.2.1 Error Guessing
D.2.1.1 Introduction
D.2.1.2 Specification
D.2.1.3 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
D.2.1.4 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
D.2.1.5 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
D.2.1.6 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
D.2.1.7 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
D.2.1.8 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
D.2.1.9 Error Guessing Test Coverage
Annex E
E.1 Guidelines and Examples for Interchangeable Test Design Techniques
E.1.1 Overview
E.1.2 Branch Testing as a Specification-Based Technique
E.1.2.1 Specification
E.1.2.2 Step 1: Identify Feature Sets (TD1)
E.1.2.3 Step 2: Derive Test Conditions (TD2)
E.1.2.4 Step 3: Derive Test Coverage Items (TD3)
E.1.2.5 Step 4: Derive Test Cases (TD4)
E.1.2.6 Step 5: Assemble Test Sets (TD5)
E.1.2.7 Step 6: Derive Test Procedures (TD6)
E.1.2.8 Branch Testing Coverage
Annex F
F.1 Test Design Technique Coverage Effectiveness
F.1.1 Guidance
Annex G
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
Content history
[Current]
[Superseded]
DR AS/NZS ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119.4:2018
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| Published | 07/08/2018 |
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