AS ISO 14224:2023 identically adopts ISO 14224:2016, which provides a comprehensive basis for the collection of reliability and maintenance (RM) data in a standard format for equipment in all facilities and operations within the petroleum, natural gas and petrochemical industries during the operational life cycle of equipment. It describes data collection principles and associated terms and definitions that constitute a “reliability language”.
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Application
5.1 Equipment coverage
5.2 Time periods
5.3 Users of this International Standard
5.4 Limitations
5.5 Exchange of RM data
6 Benefits of RM data collection and exchange
7 Quality of data
7.1 Obtaining quality data
7.1.1 Definition of data quality
7.1.2 Planning measures
7.1.3 Verification of quality
7.1.4 Limitations and problems
7.2 Data collection process
7.2.1 Data sources
7.2.2 Data collection methods
7.2.3 Organization and training
8 Equipment boundary, taxonomy and time definitions
8.1 Boundary description
8.2 Taxonomy
8.3 Timeline issues
8.3.1 Surveillance and operating period
8.3.2 Data collection periods
8.3.3 Maintenance times
9 Recommended data for equipment, failures and maintenance
9.1 Data categories
9.2 Data format
9.3 Database structure
9.3.1 Description
9.3.2 Logical structure
9.3.3 Database architecture
9.4 Equipment data
9.5 Failure data
9.6 Maintenance data
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Maintenance categories
9.6.3 Reporting maintenance data
9.6.3.1 Corrective maintenance
9.6.3.2 Preventive maintenance
9.6.3.3 Preventive maintenance programme
Annex A
A.1 Advisory notes
A.1.1 General
A.1.2 Boundary definitions
A.1.3 Common equipment data
A.1.4 Equipment classification and application
A.2 Equipment-specific data
A.2.1 General
A.2.2 Rotating equipment data
A.2.2.1 Combustion engines
A.2.2.2 Compressors
A.2.2.2.1 Equipment boundary definition for compressors
A.2.2.3 Electric generators
A.2.2.4 Electric motors
A.2.2.5 Gas turbines
A.2.2.6 Pumps
A.2.2.7 Steam turbines
A.2.2.8 Turbo expanders
A.2.3 Mechanical equipment
A.2.3.1 Cranes
A.2.3.2 Heat exchangers
A.2.3.3 Heaters and boilers
A.2.3.3.1 Boundary definitions for heaters and boilers
A.2.3.4 Pressure vessels
A.2.3.5 Piping
A.2.3.6 Winches
A.2.3.7 Turrets
A.2.3.7.1 Boundary definitions for turrets
A.2.3.7.1.1 Disconnectable turrets
A.2.3.7.1.2 Permanent turrets
A.2.3.8 Swivels
A.2.3.9 Storage tanks
A.2.4 Electrical equipment
A.2.4.1 Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
A.2.4.2 Power transformers
A.2.4.3 Switchgear
A.2.4.4 Frequency converters
A.2.5 Safety and control
A.2.5.1 Fire and gas detectors
A.2.5.1.1 Boundary definitions for fire and gas detectors
A.2.5.2 Input devices
A.2.5.3 Control logic units
A.2.5.4 Valves
A.2.5.5 Nozzles
A.2.5.6 Lifeboats
A.2.6 Subsea
A.2.6.1 Subsea production control
A.2.6.2 Subsea wellhead and X-mas trees
A.2.6.3 Risers
A.2.6.4 Subsea pumps
A.2.6.5 Subsea electrical power distribution
A.2.6.6 Subsea pressure vessels
A.2.6.7 Subsea pipelines
A.2.6.8 Subsea valve issues
A.2.7 Well completion
A.2.7.1 Item categories
A.2.7.2 Equipment specifications
A.2.7.3 Shale gas and shale oil completion
A.2.7.4 SAGD completion
A.2.7.5 Downhole safety valves (DHSV)
A.2.7.6 Electrical submersible pumps
A.2.7.7 Surface wellhead and X-mas trees
A.2.7.8 Production/injection data
A.2.7.9 Failure and maintenance data
A.2.8 Drilling
A.2.8.1 Top drives
A.2.8.2 Subsea blowout preventers (BOP)
A.2.8.3 Surface blowout preventers (BOP)
A.2.9 Well intervention
A.2.9.1 Surface well control equipment
A.2.9.2 Subsea well intervention
A.2.10 Marine
A.2.10.1 Jacking and fixation
A.2.11 Utilities
A.2.12 Auxiliaries
Annex B
B.1 Failure interpretation
B.2 Failure and maintenance data notations
B.2.1 General
B.2.2 Failure mechanism
B.2.3 Failure cause
B.2.3.1 General
B.2.3.2 Common cause failures
B.2.4 Detection method
B.2.5 Maintenance activity
B.2.6 Failure modes
Annex C
C.1 Interpretation rules for commonly used failure and maintenance parameters
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Redundancy
C.1.3 On-demand data
C.1.4 Independent failures
C.1.5 Dependent failures
C.1.6 Common cause failure (CCF)
C.1.7 Common mode failures (CMF)
C.1.8 Trips
C.1.9 Failure occurrence classification
C.1.10 Failure consequence classification
C.1.11 Analysis of failures
C.1.12 Safety critical equipment
C.2 Availability
C.2.1 Normalized definition
C.2.2 Mathematics of availability
C.2.3 Measures and estimates of mean availability data records
C.2.3.1 Mathematics of measures and estimates of mean availability data records
C.2.3.2 Uses of measures and estimates of mean availability data records
C.3 Failure rate and failure frequency estimations
C.3.1 General
C.3.1.1 Mathematics for failure rate and failure frequency estimation
C.3.1.2 Uses of failure rate and failure frequency estimation
C.3.2 Estimation of failure rate
C.3.2.1 Maximum likelihood estimator of a constant failure rate
C.3.2.2 Estimators and confidence intervals for a heterogeneous sample
C.3.3 Estimation of failure rate with zero failures — Bayesian approach
C.3.3.1 General
C.3.3.2 Constant confidence-level estimator
C.3.3.3 Advantages
C.3.4 Failure as function of cycles rather than time
C.4 Maintainability
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Mathematical meaning
C.4.2.1 Maintainability concepts
C.4.2.2 Maintainability performance
C.4.2.3 Repair rate
C.4.2.4 Measures and estimates
C.4.3 Maintainability — Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
C.4.4 Procedure for compiling data records for maintainability
C.5 “Mean time” interpretations
C.5.1 Principle
C.5.2 Mean down time (MDT)
C.5.3 Mean elapsed time between failures (METBF)
C.5.3.1 Mathematics of METBF
C.5.3.2 Uses for METBF
C.5.4 Mean time to failure (MTTF)
C.5.4.1 Mathematics of MTTF
C.5.4.2 Use of MTTF
C.5.5 Mean overall repairing time (MRT)
C.5.5.1 Mathematics of MRT
C.5.5.2 Uses of MRT
C.5.6 Mean up time (MUT)
C.5.7 Procedure for compiling data records for mean time
C.6 Testing for hidden failures in safety systems
C.6.1 General principles
C.6.2 Required availability
C.6.3 Mathematics of cost-benefit availability
C.6.4 Handling of uncertainty
C.6.5 Testing during manufacturing or qualification testing
C.7 Human error as an underlying contributor to equipment performance
Annex D
D.1 General
D.2 Business value of data collection
D.3 Data requirements
D.4 Description of the analyses
D.5 Reliability data sources
Annex E
E.1 General
E.2 Alignment to business objectives
E.2.1 General
E.2.2 Differences between benchmarks and KPIs
E.3 Using benchmarking
E.3.1 Benchmarking principles
E.3.2 General
E.3.3 Taxonomy level
E.3.4 Choice of benchmarks
E.3.5 Alignment of benchmark and KPIs across peer groups
E.3.6 Benefits of benchmarking
E.3.7 Selection of peer groups
E.3.7.1 General
E.3.7.2 Selection of peer groups
E.4 Examples of benchmarks and KPIs using RM data
Annex F
F.1 General
F.2 Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems
F.3 Classification of failures of safety instrumented systems
F.3.1 General definitions
F.3.2 SIS failure mode classification in reliability data collection and analysis
F.3.3 Downtime issues related to SIS reliability data collection and analysis
