This Standard specifies requirements for the forensic examination and analysis of physical material from crime scenes, persons and related areas and objects.
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope
2 Referenced and related documents
2.1 Referenced documents
2.2 Related documents
3 Definitions and abbreviations
4 Underpinning principles and requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Procedures
4.3 Training and competency
4.4 Instrumentation
5 Acceptance of physical material received for examination
5.1 Acceptance and rejection of physical material for analysis
5.2 Analyses across more than one location or discipline
5.3 Item documentation
5.4 Items examined and collected by the same individual
6 Item continuity
6.1 Item management system
6.2 Security of items in storage
6.3 Security of items during examination
7 Occupational health and safety
8 Recording physical material received for examination
8.1 General
8.2 Note taking
8.3 Photography
8.4 Weighing and measuring physical material
9 Presumptive and preliminary tests
10 Order of examination
10.1 General
10.2 Preservation of evidence
10.3 Destructive techniques
10.4 Special considerations
11 Sampling
11.1 General
11.2 Sampling to obtain physical material in a form suitable for analysis
11.2.1 Material to be analysed may be apparent but not in a form suitable for analysis
11.2.2 Material to be analysed may be visible but a choice must be made between one or more possible areas of material of interest
11.2.3 Instrumental methods must be used to obtain material suitable for analysis
11.3 Sampling to obtain a representative sample
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Sampling from a bulk quantity
11.3.3 Sampling from a population
11.3.3.1 Arbitrary sampling
11.3.3.2 Statistical sampling
11.4 Sub-samples
12 Analysis and examination of physical material
12.1 General
12.2 Scientific methodology
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Collection and assessment of data
12.2.3 Formulation of hypotheses
12.2.4 Hypothesis testing
12.2.4.1 General
12.2.4.2 Observations
12.2.4.3 Calculations and data transfer
12.3 Validation and verification of analytical and comparative methods
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Instrumental methods
12.3.3 Comparative methods
12.4 Calibration
12.5 Measurement uncertainty (MU)
12.6 Reference standards
12.7 Reference collections and databases
13 Identification of physical material by instrumental analysis
13.1 General
13.2 Method selection
13.3 Sample preparation
13.4 Identification
13.5 Separation and identification
13.5.1 General
13.5.2 Analytical detectors
13.5.3 Chromatographic reference test mixtures
13.6 Confirmation of identification
13.7 Quantification
13.7.1 General
13.7.2 Standard preparation
13.7.3 Standard curves
13.7.3.1 General
13.7.3.2 Simple linear regression
13.7.4 Calculations
14 Identification of physical material using comparative examination
14.1 General
14.2 Comparative testing to determine the type of material under examination
14.3 Comparative testing to determine whether material is from a given source
14.3.1 General
14.3.2 Comparisons that are aided by analytical instrumentation
14.3.3 Comparisons that do not involve analytical instrumentation
15 Linking an effect to a particular item
16 Recording the results of observations, analyses and comparisons
17 Interpretation and reporting of results
Appendix A
A1 Definitions
A2 Abbreviations
Appendix B
B1 General
B2 Presumptive and preliminary tests in analytical procedures
B2.1 Presumptive testing
B2.1.1 Tests for biological material
B2.1.2 Tests for chemical material
B2.1.2.1 Colour tests
B2.1.2.2 Instrumental techniques
B2.1.3 ELISA tests
B2.2 Preliminary testing
B3 Presumptive and preliminary tests in comparative procedures
Appendix C
C1 Where the material to be analysed is apparent but not in a form suitable for analysis
C2 Where the material to be analysed is visible but a choice must be made between one or more possible areas of material of interest
C3 Where instrumentation must be used to obtain material suitable for analysis
Appendix D
D1 Hypergeometric distribution
D2 Bayesian approach
Appendix E
E1 A substance is or is not a particular substance (or contains or does not contain a particular substance)
E2 A particular substance is or is not present at a particular level
E3 Two or more objects have or do not have a common source
E4 A pattern could or could not have been formed in a particular fashion
Appendix F
Cited references in this standard
Content history
DR AS 5388.2
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