AS 5144.2:2024 adopts and modifies ISO 3691 2:2023, which gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for self-propelled industrial variable-reach trucks and variable-reach container handlers/reach stackers as defined in ISO 5053 1 (hereafter referred to as trucks), equipped with forks or integral load-handling devices for normal industrial duties (e.g. fork arms or means, such as spreaders, for handling containers)
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overall requirements
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions
4.1.3 Normal operating conditions
4.1.4 Sharp edges
4.1.5 Electrical requirements
4.1.6 Stored energy components
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
4.2.2 Unintended movement and inadvertent activation
4.2.2.1 General
4.2.2.2 Parking brake
4.2.2.3 Internal-combustion engine powered trucks
4.2.2.4 Travel controls
4.2.2.5 Powered travel movement
4.3 Brakes
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply
4.4 Manual control actuator
4.4.1 General
4.4.1.1 Location
4.4.1.2 Consistency with the truck motions
4.4.1.3 Multiple operators
4.4.1.4 Multiple operating positions
4.4.2 Travel and braking controls
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 Pedal-operated travel and braking controls
4.4.2.3 Differential locking pedal
4.4.2.4 Hand-operated direction control lever
4.4.2.5 Hand-operated accelerator control
4.4.2.6 Hand-operated transmission gear change lever
4.4.3 Steering controls
4.4.3.1 Steering direction
4.4.3.2 Failure of power supply
4.4.4 Load-handling controls
4.4.4.1 Controls
4.4.4.2 Multi-function controls
4.4.5 Other controls
4.4.5.1 Stabilizer control
4.4.5.2 Lateral levelling control
4.4.5.3 Axle locking
4.4.6 Marking
4.5 Power systems and accessories
4.5.1 Exhaust system
4.5.2 Cooling system
4.5.3 Fuel tanks
4.5.3.1 Tank isolation
4.5.3.2 Fuel spillage
4.5.4 Access to engine and other compartments
4.5.4.1 Engine covers
4.5.4.2 Unintentional closure
4.5.5 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-powered trucks
4.5.5.1 Containers
4.5.5.2 Piping
4.5.5.3 Equipment
4.5.5.4 Regional requirements
4.6 Systems for telescoping, lifting and tilting
4.6.1 Lift chains
4.6.2 Hydraulic lifting, telescoping and carriage tilting
4.6.2.1 Load holding
4.6.2.2 Boom lift and telescoping systems
4.6.2.3 Fork arm tilt systems
4.6.2.4 Maximum load lowering speed
4.6.2.5 Limitation of stroke
4.6.3 Hydraulic systems
4.6.3.1 Hydraulic circuits
4.6.3.2 Pressure controls
4.6.3.3 Failure of energy supply to hydraulic circuits
4.6.3.4 Fluid purification
4.6.3.5 Lifting boom and load handling device movement isolation
4.6.4 Fork arms
4.6.5 Fork-arm extensions
4.6.6 Fork carriers
4.6.7 Load-handling attachments
4.6.7.1 Unintentional displacement or detachment
4.6.7.2 Malfunction in power supply system
4.6.7.3 Hydraulic system for attachment
4.6.7.4 Combined hydraulic systems
4.6.7.5 Devices for lifting freight containers
4.6.7.6 Attachment operating instructions
4.7 Operator positions
4.7.1 Dimensions
4.7.2 Operator’s seat
4.7.3 Operator restraint
4.7.4 Operator access and egress
4.7.4.1 General
4.7.4.2 Steps
4.7.4.3 Compartment floors
4.7.4.4 Walkways
4.7.5 Protection from road wheels and objects thrown up by the wheels
4.7.6 Protection from burning
4.7.7 Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping
4.7.7.1 General
4.7.7.2 Minimum distances
4.7.7.3 Attachments
4.8 Stability
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Specific operating conditions
4.8.3 Longitudinal stability determination
4.9 Protective devices
4.9.1 Overhead guard
4.9.2 Load backrest extension
4.9.2.1 Provision for load backrest extension
4.9.2.2 Size of openings
4.9.3 Roll-over protective structures (ROPSs)
4.9.4 Warning device
4.9.5 Starter battery requirements
4.10 Visibility and lighting
4.10.1 Visibility
4.10.2 Lighting
4.11 Operator’s cab
4.11.1 General
4.11.2 Doors and windows
4.11.3 Fire resistance
4.11.4 Ventilation
4.11.5 Heating, air conditioning and ventilation system
4.11.6 Demisting and defrosting
4.11.7 Pressurization system
4.11.8 Wipers and washers
4.11.9 Access and an emergency exit
4.11.10 Storage of instruction handbook
4.11.11 Additional operator’s position
4.12 Provisions for transportation of the truck and removable attachments
4.12.1
4.12.2
4.12.3
4.12.4
4.12.5
4.12.6
4.13 Environmental requirements
4.13.1 Noise emissions
4.13.2 Vibration
4.13.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
4.14 Devices for towing
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
5.2 Structural verification
5.2.1 Test loads
5.2.2 Static test
5.2.2.1 Purpose
5.2.2.2 Test procedure
5.2.2.3 Acceptance criteria
5.2.3 Dynamic test
5.2.3.1 Purpose
5.2.3.2 Test procedure
5.2.3.3 Acceptance criteria
5.3 Functional verification
6 Information for use
6.1 General
6.2 Instruction handbook
6.2.1 Truck
6.2.2 Operation of truck
6.2.3 Details for battery-powered trucks
6.2.4 Details for internal-combustion-engine-powered trucks
6.2.5 Service and maintenance
6.2.6 Transportation, commissioning and storage
6.2.7 Truck modification
6.3 Marking
6.3.1 Information plates
6.3.1.1 Trucks
6.3.1.2 Removable attachments
6.3.1.3 Marking of controls
6.3.2 Load chart
6.3.2.1 Trucks with forks
6.3.2.2 Trucks with load-carrying attachments
6.3.2.3 Trucks for container handling
6.3.3 Information plate for trucks operating in special conditions
6.3.4 Other information
6.3.4.1 Marking for lifting and tie-down of trucks
6.3.4.2 Pneumatic tyre inflation pressure
6.3.4.3 Filling points
6.3.4.4 Stored energy devices
6.3.4.5 Warnings
6.3.5 Languages
6.3.6 Operator restraint
Annex A
A.1 Rated capacity with fork arms
A.2 Rated capacity with spreader
A.3 Standard load centre distance, D
A.3.1 Standard load centre distance with fork arms
