Specifies requirements for the design, testing, manufacture and installation of precast reinforced concrete rectangular box culverts, for conveying water not under pressure and for carrying roadway and railway loadings.
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
PREFACE
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.5 NOTATION
1.6 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
1.6.1 General
1.6.2 Existing structures
1.7 TYPES OF CULVERTS
1.8 CLASSIFICATION
1.8.1 General
1.8.2 Size Class
1.8.3 Load Class
1.8.3.1 General
1.8.3.2 Load Class for roadway
1.8.3.3 Load Class for railway
2 MATERIALS, MANUFACTURE AND DIMENSIONING
2.1 SCOPE
2.2 FORMWORK
2.3 REINFORCEMENT
2.3.1 General
2.3.2 Welding
2.4 CONCRETE MATERIALS
2.4.1 Cement
2.4.2 Supplementary cementitious materials
2.4.3 Aggregates
2.4.4 Water
2.4.5 Admixtures
2.4.6 Restriction on chemical content
2.5 SPECIFICATION AND MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE
2.5.1 Strength grade
2.5.2 Manufacture
2.6 HANDLING, PLACING AND FINISHING OF CONCRETE
2.7 CURING
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 Moist curing
2.7.3 Membrane curing
2.7.4 Accelerated curing
2.8 JOINTS
2.9 DIMENSIONS
2.9.1 Internal dimensions
2.9.2 Length
2.10 COVER TO REINFORCEMENT
2.11 MEASUREMENT OF DIMENSIONS
2.11.1 General
2.11.2 Size dimensions
2.11.3 Thickness
2.11.4 Cover
2.11.5 Length
2.12 TOLERANCES
2.12.1 General
2.12.2 Dimension tolerances
2.12.2.1 Size dimensions
2.12.2.2 Thickness
2.12.2.3 Cover
2.12.2.4 Length
2.12.3 Basic shape tolerances
2.12.3.1 Ends
2.12.3.2 Verticality
2.12.3.3 Squareness
2.13 PROVISION FOR LIFTING
2.14 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH
2.15 DEFECTS
2.15.1 General
2.15.2 Types
2.15.3 Acceptability
2.16 MARKING
2.17 FINISHING AND REPAIRS
3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Scope
3.1.2 General design requirements
3.2 DESIGN LOADS
3.2.1 Dead loads
3.2.1.1 General
3.2.1.2 Vertical earth pressure
3.2.1.3 Horizontal earth pressure due to compacted fill
3.2.2 Traffic loads for culverts under roadways
3.2.2.1 General
3.2.2.2 Standard traffic loads
3.2.2.3 Construction traffic loads
3.2.2.4 Heavy load platform
3.2.2.5 Dynamic load allowance
3.2.2.5.1 Application
3.2.2.5.2 Dynamic load allowance factor
3.2.2.6 Vertical traffic loading
3.2.2.6.1 General
3.2.2.6.2 Vertical loads due to standard traffic loadings
3.2.2.7 Horizontal traffic loading
3.2.3 Live loads for culverts under railways
3.2.3.1 General
3.2.3.2 Vertical load
3.2.3.3 Horizontal load
3.2.3.4 Dynamic load allowance
3.2.3.4.1 Application
3.2.3.4.2 Dynamic load allowance factor
3.2.4 Load combinations
3.2.4.1 Load combinations for stability and ultimate strength limit states
3.2.4.2 Load combinations for serviceability limit states
3.2.5 Handling and transport loads
3.3 LOAD EFFECT ANALYSIS
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Restrained sidesway
3.3.3 Effective width of culvert for W7/T44 wheel load
3.4 THEORETICAL STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY CALCULATIONS
3.4.1 Strength
3.4.1.1 General
3.4.1.2 Strength reduction factor
3.4.1.3 Shear strength
3.4.2 Serviceability
3.4.3 Fatigue
3.5 REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Minimum flexural reinforcement
3.5.3 Distribution reinforcement
3.5.4 Crack control
4 LOAD TESTING FOR DESIGN
4.1 SCOPE
4.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Prototype proof load tests for serviceability
4.2.3 Prototype proof load tests for strength
4.2.4 Prototype failure load tests for empirical assessments of design strengths
4.2.5 Failure load tests for calibration of a strength prediction model
4.3 TEST SPECIMENS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Prototype test specimens
4.3.3 Test specimens to calibrate a theoretical strength prediction model
4.3.4 Properties of test specimens
4.3.4.1 General
4.3.4.2 Yield strength of reinforcement
4.3.4.3 Concrete strength
4.3.4.4 Dimensions
4.3.4.5 Cover to reinforcement
4.3.4.6 Defects
4.3.5 Strength enhancement factors
4.3.5.1 General
4.3.5.2 Mean strength enhancement factors for failure load tests
4.4 TEST LOADS
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Proportional loading
4.4.3 Critical loading
4.4.4 Test loads for regular culverts including standard culverts
4.4.5 Test apparatus
4.5 PROTOTYPE PROOF LOAD TESTS FOR SERVICEABILITY
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Serviceability indicators
4.5.3 Crack width
4.6 PROTOTYPE PROOF LOAD TESTS FOR ULTIMATE STRENGTH
4.6.1 Prototype proof loads for ultimate strength
4.6.2 Ultimate strength acceptance criteria based on prototype proof load tests
4.6.2.1 General
4.6.2.2 Specimens with non-identical reinforcement
4.7 FAILURE LOAD TESTS
4.7.1 Prototype failure load tests for empirical assessments of design strengths
4.7.1.1 General
4.7.1.2 Failure load statistics
4.7.1.2.1 General
4.7.1.2.2 Specimens with non-identical reinforcement
4.7.1.3 Design load capacity
4.7.2 Failure load tests for calibration of a strength prediction model
4.7.2.1 General
4.7.2.2 Selection of strength prediction models
4.7.2.3 Determination of failure load effects
4.7.2.4 Strength statistics
4.7.2.5 Design strength
4.7.3 Test capacity reduction factor
5 ROUTINE SAMPLING AND TESTING
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 REQUIRED TESTS
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Concrete strength
5.2.3 Dimensional accuracy, and cover to reinforcement
