Specifies requirements for design, manufacture and installation of prestressed concrete sleepers for use in railway track. Means of assessing sleeper loads are provided. Test methods are given in appendices, including sleeper bending, electrical short and repeated load tests. Information is also given on the background of dynamic considerations. Reference is made to AS 1085.19 for requirements for resilient fastenings.
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose and context of use
1.2.1 Function
1.2.2 Action
1.3 Referenced documents
1.4 Definitions
1.5 Notation
2 Performance requirements and testing
2.1 General
2.2 Testing
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Type testing
2.2.3 Proof testing
2.3 Pre-stressed concrete sleeper design
2.3.1 Design principles
2.3.2 Shape and dimensions
2.3.3 Design ballast contact pressure
2.4 Sleeper integrity
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Sleeper materials
2.4.3 Manufacture
2.4.4 Permissible stresses for design
2.4.5 Vertical load tests
2.5 Service life
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Concrete durability
2.5.3 Clear tendon cover
2.5.4 Rail seat repeated load test
2.6 Rail restraint and support
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Rail fastening systems
2.6.3 Fastening insert pull-out test
2.6.4 Fastening insert torque test
2.7 Track system compatibility
2.7.1 Gauge
2.7.2 Signalling
2.8 Sleepers testing
2.8.1 Type tests
2.8.1.1 Selection and marking
2.8.1.2 Sleeper 1
2.8.1.3 Sleeper 2
2.8.2 Proof tests
2.9 Marking
2.10 Handling
2.10.1 Storage
2.10.2 Stacking of sleepers
3 Loads for design
3.1 General
3.2 Track conditions and dynamics
3.3 Vertical design wheel load
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Service factor (ks)
3.4 Vertical design rail seat load
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Vertical design rail seat load using the load distribution factor (DF)
3.4.3 BOEF method
4 Structural analysis
4.1 General
4.2 Empirical method
4.2.1 Ballast and ballast pressure
4.2.2 Design moments
4.2.2.1 General
4.2.2.2 Rail seat positive design bending moment
4.2.2.3 Rail seat negative design bending moment
4.2.2.4 Centre positive design bending moment
4.2.2.5 Centre negative design bending moment
4.3 Beam on elastic foundation (BOEF) method
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Sleeper to ballast maximum contact pressure
4.3.3 Sleeper stiffness and deflection
4.3.4 Bending moment
5 Materials
5.1 Cement
5.2 Supplementary cementitious materials
5.2.1 Fly ash
5.2.2 Slag
5.2.3 Silica fume
5.3 Aggregates
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Durability
5.4 Water
5.5 Admixtures
5.5.1 Chemical admixtures
5.5.2 Chlorides
5.6 Prestressing tendons
5.6.1 Wire tendons
5.6.2 Strand tendons
5.6.3 Alkali aggregate reactivity
5.7 Concrete
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Characteristic compressive strength
5.7.3 Minimum compressive strength
5.7.4 Saturated surface-dry density of the concrete
5.7.5 Total chloride content
6 Manufacture of sleepers
6.1 General
6.2 Moulds
6.2.1 Specifications
6.2.2 Mould surfaces
6.3 Workmanship and finishes
6.4 Bonding of tendons
6.5 Concreting
6.5.1 Concrete consistency
6.5.2 Construction joints
6.5.3 Curing
6.5.3.1 General
6.5.3.2 Low-pressure steam curing
6.6 Transfer of prestress to sleepers
6.6.1 Releasing the tendons
6.6.2 Cutting of tendons where required
Appendix A
A1 General
A2 Information to be provided by the purchaser
A3 Information to be provided by the supplier
Appendix B
B1 Scope
B2 Statistical sampling
B3 Product certification
B4 Supplier’s quality management system
Appendix C
C1 General
C2 Special sleeper types
C2.1 Dual gauge sleepers
C2.2 Turnout bearers
C2.3 Sleepers with additional rails
C2.3.1 General
C2.3.2 Guardrail sleepers
C2.3.3 Splay rail sleepers
C3 Manufacturing details
C4 Loadings and design
C4.1 Dual gauge sleepers
C4.2 Turnouts and crossovers
C4.3 Sleepers with additional rails (other than dual gauge sleepers)
